Spain Essay Research Paper Introduction free essay sample

Spain Essay, Research Paper Introduction # 8220 ; When you cross the mountains that divide France from Spain you step into another universe. Europe ends at the Pyrenees, and the land beyondthe mountains has a character and personality that are strikingly different. The Sun beats down pitilessly on a state that is beautiful. # 8221 ; -Napoleon History The Civil War in the late 1930 # 8217 ; s brought General Franco to power as dictator. He ruled the state until he died in 1975. Spain became a democracy after the decease. Until the mid 1900 # 8217 ; s, Spain was one of the most undeveloped states in Europe. Spain largely contained little, unsuccessful, farms because of the dry dirt. During the 50 # 8217 ; s and 60 # 8217 ; s, Spain took on a rapid phase of economic development and is now an industrial state. Today more people work in building and fabrication than on farms. Basic Timeline History of Spain 1000 # 8217 ; s BC 400 # 8217 ; s BC 200 # 8217 ; s BC 400 # 8217 ; s AD 711-18 1000 # 8217 ; s 1479 1492 1512 1556-98 1588 1808 1808-14 1810-25 1898 1931 1936-39 1950 # 8217 ; s-60 # 8217 ; s 1975 1978 1982 1998 2000 The Phoenicians began to colonise Spain. We will write a custom essay sample on Spain Essay Research Paper Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Carthaginians conquered much of Spain. The Romans drove the Carthaginians from Spain. The Visigoths took Spain from the Romans. The Moors conquered about all of Spain. Christian kingdoms began to drive the Moors from Spain. The lands of Aragon and Castile united, conveying about all of what is Spain now under one regulation. Spanish forces conquered Granada, the last centre of Moorish control in Spain. Christopher Columbus sailed to America and claimed it for Spain. Kind Ferdinand V seized the Kingdom of Navarre, finishing the fusion of what is now Spain. The Spanish Empire reached it # 8217 ; s top out, and began to worsen under the reign of Philip II. The English Navy defeated the Spanish Armada. Napoleon # 8217 ; s ground forcess seized Madrid. English, Portuguese, and Spanish forces drive the Gallic from Spain during the Peninsula War. All Spain # 8217 ; s American settlements except Cuba and Puerto Rico revolted and declared their independency. By this clip, Spain had lo st about all it # 8217 ; s imperium. Spain loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines in the Spanish-American War. King Alfonso XIII fled the state and Spain became a democratic democracy. The Spanish Civil War was fought, conveying General Franco to power as Dictator of Spain. Spain achieves one of the highest rates of economic growing in the universe. Franco dies. Spaniards start puting up a new democratic authorities. Spaniards O.K. a new fundamental law based on democratic rules. Spain joins NATO. The Basque separationists motion declared a cease fire and raised hopes to stop 30 old ages of force. Separatists resume their terrorist onslaughts. Education System The Education System in Spain is much like that of the 1 in Canada. Spanish jurisprudence requires all kids from ages 6-13 to go to school. Many kids quit school when they reached 14, and because of this, the age was extended to 16. Today merely 3 % of people 15+ old ages of age can non read and/or write. Spain has approximately 30 universities, which are attended by more than 700,000 pupils. Health Care System Health attention in Spain is the best in the European Union. It became more organized and had new policies after INSALUD ( National Institute of Public Health Care ) was created. In 1982, INSALUD covered 86 % of the Spanish population and 31 % of infirmary beds. Today 98.9 % of the population has the right to have wellness services free of charge. Foods Spain is ranked as one of the taking fishing states in Europe. Off the Northern Coast, anchovies, hake, octopus, calamari, tuna, and many others are fished. Spaniards enjoy and specialise in seafood. This is because it is cheap and plentiful it the seashore Waterss. It is prepared in a assortment of ways, but the most popular is Paella. It is shrimp, lobster, poulet, jambon, veggies, and sometimes squid combined with rice. Spaniards are accustomed to dine in several classs. These are normally as follows: As an appetiser: Cured jambon, oysters, runt, etc. Starter: Soup, salad or vegetable dish, Main class: Meat or fish, Dessert: fruit, Sweet or cheese, Coffee: Normally an expresso-type java. A popular drink in Spain is called Sangria. It is made from vino, soda H2O, fruit juices, and tropical fruits. Another hallmark drink is a midst, strong, hot cocoa, served with deep fried st rakes of dough called churros. Recreation/Sports Spaniards love to be out-of-doorss and pass about all their clip at that place. Soccer is by far the most popular athletics in Spain. Every twelvemonth, 10s of 1000s of fans flood into bowls to hearten on their state. Golf is besides really popular and Bullfighting ( see Traditional Ceremonies ) is the best known. In the Olympics, Spain stands out in cycling, swimming, gymnastic exercises, and rowing. Other competitory athleticss include rushing, horseback equitation, tennis, and fishing. Climate Although Spain lies in the temperate zone, its rugged alleviation gives rise to a great diverseness of climes. The Cantabrian mountains mark the first chiseled climatological spliting zone. To the North of this scope, the narrow northern strip, where the Basque Country, Cantabria, Asturias and Galicia are situated, lies what is called showery Spain, with a nautical clime. It has slight fluctuations in temperature, mild winters and cool summers, an about invariably cloudy sky and frequent rainfall, although less so during the summer. This clime, which is typical of western Europe, favours a northern European type of flora. To the South of the Cantabrian scope lies dry Spain, which has highly varied climes, ever characterized by scarce rainfall and a pitiless firing Sun in an intensely blue sky, on occasion crossed by ephemeral, ferocious local electrical storms. This country has changeless drouths in summer and winter. In footings of surface country, showery Spain histories for about a 3rd of the state, while the other two tierces make up dry Spain. Location Spain is one of the largest states in Europe, incorporating 504,750km2 and a population of 39,167,700 people. The state is located in Southwestern Europe between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and Portugal and France. To the Northeastern boundary line, the Pyrenees Mountains separate Spain from France. The capital metropolis of Spain is Madrid, which lies in the centre of the state. Traditional Ceremonies/ Traditions Spain is a really Religious Catholic state. About 99 % of Spain is Roman Catholic, 0.4 % Protestants, 0.4 % Muslims, and 0.2 % Judaic. As you can likely think, the most of import Spanish Holiday period is Holy Week. It is celebrated the hebdomad before Easter and includes parades and other particular events. Of class, on the dark before Ash Wednesday ( the last festival before Lent ) , everyone parties hard, eating and devouring mass measures of nutrient and intoxicant, partaking in foolhardy activities, and dressing in wild costumes A hallmark tradition for Spain is the Sanfermines ( besides known as # 8220 ; The Running of the Bulls ) in Pamploma, which is on the Northern portion of the state. Every twelvemonth on July 7th, 1000s of tourer and citizens gather in a big mass in the old portion of the metropolis to see on of the most unsafe escapades of their lives. While anyone who is willing, along with many experts, put on traditional outfits and run in forepart of herds of wild bulls until they enter the Bullring. The Tomatina, a town broad Tomato Fight held in Bunol ( in the Valencia part of Spain ) , is a tradition that takes topographic point every twelvemonth on the last Wednesday of August during hebdomad long festival. A paella cook-off is held the dark before the Tomatina. Pans the size of rubbish can lids simmer over wood fires in an outdoor batch. The Tomatina is the universe # 8217 ; s largest nutrient battle, and likely the messiest. It reportedly started in 1945 at an anti-Franco mass meeting. More than 240,000 lbs of tomatoes are hurled by townsfolk ( about 20,000 participate, largely boys vs. misss ) at each other from 11 AM to 1 PM, so a bottle projectile goes away and together they clean up the muss. The streets are literally flooded with tomato juice, mush, seeds, skins # 8212 ; the swill is ankle deep and all over the walls. This may sound like a merriment event, but every twelvemonth many hurts ( normally to the eyes and mortise joints ) and a few casualties take topograph ic point. Bibliography Geis, Darlene. Let # 8217 ; s Travelin Spain. Children # 8217 ; s Press Inc. Chicago, 1982 Spain. The Book of Knowledge. Grolier Inc. Canada, 1991 Spain. Land and People Vol. 4. Mooney Publishing, 1989 History of Spain. www.bme.es/racc/rallye87.rccb26.htm National Health Institute. www.sispain.org/english/health/inst.html Spain. www.worldbookonline.com

The Life And Times Of The Man Who Invented The Tel Essays

The Life And Times Of The Man Who Invented The Tel Essays The Life And Times Of The Man Who Invented The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) Alexander Graham Bell is remembered today as the inventor of the telephone, but he was also an outstanding teacher of the deaf and a prolific inventor of other devices. Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a family of speech educators. His father, Melville Bell, had invented Visible Speech, a code of symbols for all spoken sounds that was used in teaching deaf people to speak. Aleck Bell studied at Edinburgh University in 1864 and assisted his father at University College, London, from 1868-70. During these years he became deeply interested in the study of sound and the mechanics of speech, inspired in part by the acoustic experiments of German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz (1821-1894), which gave Bell the idea of telegraphing speech. When young Bell's two brothers died of tuberculosis, Melville Bell took his remaining family to the healthier climate of Canada in 1870. From there, Aleck Bell journeyed to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1871 and joined the staff of the Boston School for the Deaf. The following year, Bell opened his own school in Boston for training teachers of the deaf; in 1873 he became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University, and he also tutored private pupils. Bell's interest in speech and communication led him to investigate the transmission of sound over wires. In particular, he experimented with development of the harmonic telegraph a device that could send multiple messages at the same time over a single wire. Bell also worked with the possibility of transmitting the human voice, experimenting with vibrating membranes and an actual human ear. Gardiner Hubbard (1822-1897) and Thomas Sanders, fathers of two of his deaf pupils backed Bell financially in his investigations. Early in 1874, Bell met Thomas A. Watson (1854-1934), a young machinist at a Boston electrical shop. Watson became Bell's indispensable assistant, bringing to Bell's experiments the crucial ingredient that had been lackinghis technical expertise in electrical engineering. Together the two men spent endless hours experimenting. Although Bell formed the basic concept of the telephoneusing a varying but unbroken electric current to transmit the varying sound waves of human speechin the summer of 1874, Hubbard insisted that the young inventor focus his efforts on the harmonic telegraph instead. Bell complied, but when he patented one of his telegraph designs in February 1875, he found that Elisha Gray had patented a multiple telegraph two days earlier. Greatly discouraged, Bell consulted in Washington with the elderly Joseph Henry, who urged Bell to pursue his germ of a great invention speech transmission. Back in Boston, Bell and Watson continued to work on the harmonic telegraph, but still with the telephone in mind. By accident on a June day in 1875, an intermittent transmitter produced a steady current and transmitted sound. Bell had proof of his 1874 idea; he quickly sketched a design for an electric telephone, and Watson built it. The partners experimented all summer, but failed actually to transmit voice sounds. That fall, Bell began to write the patent specifications, but delayed application; Hubbard finally filed for the patent on February 14, 1876, just hours before Gray appeared at the same patent office to file an intent to patent his telephone design. Bell's patent was granted on March 7, 1876, and on March 10, the first message transmitted by telephone passed from Bell to Watson in their workshop: Mr. Watson, come here, I want you! After a year of refining the new device, Watson and Bell, along with Hubbard and Sanders, formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Bell immediately married Mabel Hubbard, daughter of his new partner, and sailed to England to promote his telephone. The phone company grew rapidly, and Bell became a wealthy man. He turned to other interests on his return to the United States in 1879, while also defending his patents (which were upheld in 1888) against numerous lawsuits. With money from the Volta Prize, awarded to him in 1880 by the French government, Bell established the Volta Laboratory. Among the new devices he invented there were the graphophone for recording sound on wax cylinders or disks; the photophone, for transmitting speech on a beam of light; an audiometer; a

Adam Smith's (positive economic) view of slavery Essay

Adam Smith's (positive economic) view of slavery - Essay Example He supports this conclusion by observing that the "late resolution of the Quakers in Pennsylvania to set at liberty all their Negro slaves, may satisfy us that their number cannot be very great. Had they made any considerable part of their property, such a resolution could never have been agreeing to." This quotation reveals the weight which Adam Smith assigns to benevolence. Freeing the slaves was certainly a benevolent action but hardly one likely to be undertaken if the price was personal ruin.If the western European succession argued in support of the dominance of wage labor, the overturn seemed to have been the case transversely the ocean. In the plantations, slavery had outdated earlier forms of labor from Brazil to Carolina. Above a decade before writing Wealth of Nations, Smith had himself concluded that repression was the established form of labor in the world, and he estimated that slavery was improbable to disappear for ages to come. Smith did not recur this prophecy in th e end of eighteenth century. In its place he offered motives for the apparently general ubiquitous partiality for slaves, regardless of their relative inadequacy while compared with freemen. The first was a common psychological human trait, the contentment resultant from dictating another person. This steady, certainly, could not alone elucidate the changeable modes of labor in the Atlantic world. Even as a feature of Europeans in particular, it was not very practical in showing why the same western European employers of labor had gone in contradictory directions, choosing one form of labor in Europe and another in the lowlands of the Americas. Smith also integrated the dread of general insurrection and the trepidation of a great loss of property as motives for not freeing slaves. In political terms, manumissions might deprive a chieftain of some of his subjects and his substance (Soderlund, Jean R. 1985). Indeed, on neither side of the Atlantic did Smith assume that the contentment of power had taken priority over the avid impulse. He explicated the planters' preference of labor in the Caribbean in terms of profit, does not pride or prejudice. Sugar was so precious a product in Europe that the planter could pay for the service of slaves. Certainly, sugar's profitability, slavery integrated, was assumed to be better than that presented by any other agricultural business in the Atlantic world. In Wealth of Nations never directly recommended that West Indian planters would in fact raises their higher profit margins still more by liberating their labor force. Smith had a number of prospects to make this proclamation in discussing both profits and methods in the sugar colonies and took benefit of none of them (Wealth of Nations, 173, 389, 586). He simply noted that in all European colonies cane was refined by slaves. There were opportunities for technological and managerial development when slaves could "approach the condition of a free servant" within the condition of slavery (p. 587). Company's of bound labor did disburse a price for their preference. Smiths assert, proprietors who used servile labor were subject to considerable incompetence on the administrative side of their operations. With their standing encouraged habits of noticeable consumption and their fulsome

Friedrich Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Friedrich Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil - Essay Example The main ideas explored by Nietzsche include the death of God, the will of power, Urbermensch, amorfati, perspectivism and the eternal recurrence. The idea that is central to his philosophy is the life-affirmation idea involving an honest questioning of all manner of doctrines that drain the expansive energy of life. This paper explores Netzsche philosophy cutting across his terminologies, as well as his philosophical reasoning. The paper discusses Netzsche’s philosophy of â€Å"Beyond good and Evil† with the major focus on Prejudices of life. Nietzsche used many terminologies in his quest to explain his philosophical reasoning. Among them include Nihilism, Master morality and slave morality, Ubermensch, Amorfati and the eternal recurrence. Nietzsche viewed nihilism as what comes out of repeated frustration while looking for the truth. He saw nihilism as latent presence in the foundations of the culture of Europeans, seeing it as a requirement for approaching the destin y. He talks about the cruelty ladder of religion which suggests Nihilism emanating from the intellectual Christianity conscience. Nihilism involves sacrificing the meaning brought about by God in our lives for the object truth. Netzche claims that there exist two types of morality (Nietzsche 56). These are the master morality springing actively from any noble man and the slave morality which builds up reactively in a weak man. The two moralities are not restrained inversions of each other but rather they represent different value systems. He asserted that master morality fits an action in a scale of either good or bad. Slave morality, on the other hand, fits the action in scales of good or evil. His terminology beyond Good and Evil is a way of rejection of metaphysics leads him to deny the moral fact. According to him, there is nothing said to be intrinsically good or bad with no consideration of content. Nietzsche is of argument that morality started when people began associating g ood to what was found to be beneficial and associating bad with what it was considered harmful. He goes on affirming that denying that moral judgment is not based on truths does not mean that acts conventionally known as good need not be encouraged and some considered bad need not be avoided. However, he rejects the absolutism in morality requiring both the weak ones and the strong ones. Nietzsche refers to genealogical element of force as being the will to power. The term geological in this context refers to the differential and generic (Nietzsche 42). The phrase the will to power is termed as the differential element of force. In this case, he implies the element which brings about the differences in the quantity forces whose relation is to be presupposed. Will to power is in this case presumed to be a generic element of force meaning an element producing the quantity that is due to each force. The principle of the will to power does not suppress any chance but contrarily, it impl ies it, since, without having chance, it would not change. Chance is used to mean the bringing of force into relation. The will to power is an addition to force and might only be added to that comes about due to chance. This will to power has some chance at the heart since the will to power is only capable of confirming all chances. Differences in quantity and the quality of force in relation are all derived from the will to power as

The Presentation Of Relationships In Poems Essay Example for Free

The Presentation Of Relationships In Poems Essay Compare a selection of poems you have enjoyed studying, explaining what interests you about the presentation of relationships. Poets often write about things they have strong emotions for, such as points of view and key moments in their ,or others, lives. One of the main things written about is relationships. Be it the relationship between the poet and a family member or relationships between objects and memories. Relationships and emotions are a complex thing to right about, because there is such a wide range. However everyone has had the experience of a relationship but some express there feelings in more complex way. Looking at Youre and Daddy by Sylvia Plath and Twelve Songs-number nine by W.H.Auden. You can clearly see there views on different relationships. There are many different types of relationships, as shown in the three poems I have choose to look at. In Youre Plath is writing about her unborn baby. At first it is very hard to understand because Plath does not write simply that she is pregnant instead she uses different phrases and metaphors, for instance my little loaf. When a women is pregnant the baby is sometimes referred to as a bun in the oven, so by saying loaf it shows that Plath is stating that she is pregnant. In addition, it is a symbolisation of a baby in the mothers womb, as a bun in the oven. By saying my little Plath is showing that the baby belongs to her and when you think of something little it is thought of as unable to look after itself as a baby is. To also show that she is pregnant Plath says feet to the stars this is because e when a baby is inside its mother it is upside down, therefore its feet would be to the stars, by picking the stars as were the babies feet are facing it shows that the baby can achieve anything, Plath could have chosen something like the sky which is close but she choose the stars because there so fare away and are hard to reach. She also shows that the baby has its whole life ahead of it, using the words clean slate, with your own face on it show that it is the baby and its life not hers. However in Audens poem Twelve Songs the relationship is stated more clearly. It is easier to understand because it uses all things associated with death Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. this shows very simply that an important person in Audens life is now dead and by saying mourners it shows there is a lot of sadness. If the reader did not yet understand what the poem was bout, when Auden states He Is Dead it is made very clear. The relationship written about in this poem is the one between himself and his dead partner. It is showing that now his partner has died nothing matters, which is why the poem is written so simply. It seems that he just cannot be bothered anymore, he is mourning an upset and does not see the point of using long and complicated words and sentences to get his sadness across. The last poem is another one by Plath, Daddy. This poem is very different to Youre in this poem Plath is angry, resentful and also in a state of mourning. However it is not the same kind of mourning as Auden talks about. Plath is angry and blames her father for not only dying but also for how her life has turned out. Black shoe, In which I have lived like a foot, For thirty years Plath is saying that she has lived a confined and desolate life because of her fathers death, and she blames him for dying. However Plath does not show the slightest trace that she is unhappy and missing her father because at any given opportunity Plath abuses her father, for example she refers to herself as a Jew and her father a Nazi, showing how different they were and it makes the reader believe that Plaths father was a cruel man, as this is how Nazis are stereotyped. Also at the end of the poem she writes Daddy, daddy you bastard Im through by using such a strong word such as bastard it shows juts how much she resents him and how strongly she hates him. In Daddy Plath uses many colours. These colours show Plaths feelings, for instance Black shoe, In which I have lived, For thirty years poor and white she is saying her father is a black shoe, black is associated with evil, depression and plainly sad things. Also by referring to herself as white she is showing the difference between herself and her father using contrasting colours and perhaps is showing the difference between him being evil and her being good. There is a trend set In Daddy in which everyone Plath did not like is made black, her husband is referred to as The Black Man which is showing him to be just as nasty as her father. However in Twelve Songs black is representing depression not anger, black cotton gloves Auden is using black as a symbol for mourning, as well he is saying that now the person has died there is no colour or light and all thats left is darkness and despair. The poems both have different uses for the same colour, not just black but white as well. Poor and White is used in Plaths Daddy so that she can show that she is different from her father by using strong, bold, contrasting colours. But in Twelve Songs white necks of the public doves white is used to show the light and normality of the situation, not to make sure that Auden is not compared with his dead partner. There are more colour used in Daddy showing a wide range of emotions that her father has nothing to do with. Also anything associated with her father or husband use violent, drastic colours. When she first mentions her husband she says The Black man who, Bit my pretty red heart in two she is using the colour black again but is using another colour, red, to show blood and un-happiness. The techniques used in writing poems are all different, Auden writes in a mature style and makes it very easy to understand he is upset and doesnt want to make it hard to understand. He wants everyone to know what hes feeling and how upset he is, he refers to his partner as He was my North, my South, my East and West Auden is saying that his partner was everything, he is referring to every direction to show his partner was always there. Auden also says My Noon, my Midnight, my Talk, my Song this is also showing that his partner meant everything to him. Plath however writes differently in Youre, she uses short sentences and lots of complicated similes and metaphors. She writes like this because she is so happy and excited about having a child that she cant think straight and just wants to get her feelings out, that is why it doesnt make perfect sense. Also I think the complexity of the poem reflects the complexity of her emotions at the time. Plath uses metaphor after metaphor where as Auden and in Daddy each paragraph is written about a specific point. Daddy is written most complex of all of the three poems, Plath appears to be writing as if she is still a ten year old child (the age she was when her father died), she uses childish words such as daddy and she writes like a child would speak Ich, Ich, ich, ich this means I,I,I,I. It shows that she is stuttering and having trouble saying her words like a child does. She is also stereotyping her father I thought every German was you which is childish because adults know her father was not every German but to her he was because of a childlike thought. This also explains why she writes ich. However it appears that Plath is not trying to make the reader feel sorry for her, by describing her father as a Nazi; you automatically think he is a bad person by describing herself as a Jew it seems she wants sympathy, which could mean she is manipulating the situation. The poems all have intentions behind the presentation of the poem. In Twelve Songs Auden just wants to express his grief, but in both of Plaths the poem does not easily show what is wanted to express. For instance in Youre it appears to be a page of metaphors but the actual meaning is how Plath is feeling about having a baby, this is not obvious in the poem and you have to read it a few times to truly understand the meaning. In Daddy the intention is hard to find and there are quite a few different interpretations, at first it appears that Plath is angry at her father and just puts on a brave front to stop her from hurting so much. Plaths poems seem to be really confusing and hard to understand but why? In Youre I think that Plath wrote down what she was feeling and to her what she wrote made perfect sense and didnt have a complicated feel to it. But Daddy seems to be made quite hard so that the reader has to read it a few times to understand it. Also it seems biased and plays Plath as a victim. Plath wrote Daddy as if she was a ten year old child, because the poem is written like a child it makes the readers feel sympathy towards Plath. Because its written like a child it means that it is hard for adults to understand it, to a child the colours and the description make sense, but to an adult its confusing because they change it so it has the meaning they want it to. To a child this poem could be nothing else but a poem about how Plath remembers her father but to us its about how his death affected her and the choices she made in life.

Advertising Ethics :: Article Reviews Essays

Advertising Ethics Dittrich, Liz Ph.D. â€Å"About-face Facts on the Media†. About Face. 1996-2004. This article talks about how advertising promotes the cultures current for body shape and site and the importance of beauty. It talks about women’s magazines and how they include so many adds for weight loss and how many girls own Barbie dolls. The piece also talks about how all of these adds effect people and to what extent they effect people. The author of this piece is the director of Research and Outreach for About- Face and has a doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Based on those facts alone I feel that this piece is very credible and contains truthful information. Limitations of this piece include only having one side and not pertaining specifically to ethics in advertising. I will be able to utilize this piece mostly because it contains a lot of statistics and good information to help me in the angle I am going to take on how ethics in advertising affect women. This piece is very different from all of my sources because it does not pertain quite so directly to the topic I am writing on. (190) Heller, Lleland Dr. â€Å"Advertising, Children, and Ethics.† Professional Articles. 1990 http://www.drheller.com/april01.html This article talks about psychologists helping advertising companies to help the create effective advertisements that target children. The article asks if this is ethical. Psychologists also help these companies create educational toy advertisements, anti-drug advertisements, â€Å"don’t drink and drive† advertisements, etc. So the article asks if you can really separate out all of the situations and make a statement that includes all of them. The main issue the article talks about is that people feel as though psychologists own that information and can use it as they please but that that is not the case at all. The article says that ultimately parents should be trained and able to say no because after all it is there responsibility. This piece is written by a doctor who seems to be well-know and who has treated a lot of patients. Dr. Leland Heller is the author of 2 books, specializes in treating the borderline personality disorder and has treated over 3000 peo ple with this disorder. The intended audience of this piece is people who are accusing psychologist of using there knowledge unethically by giving it to advertisement companies and others who may be interested in the topic.

How Effective is “The F Word”?

When having a baby one of the most difficult parts of the process is deciding on a name for the little one. Parents want to be careful in choosing, no one wants there child picked on or treated unfairly because of a name they have chosen. In the article â€Å"The F Word† the author, Firoozeh Dumas expresses her thoughts and feelings about coming from Abadan, Iran to America with her native name. She explains how her name that has much meaning in her country was nothing but a hindrance for her trying to get established in this country.In the â€Å"F Word† the author uses contrast between names in America and names in her home land to show the effectiveness of this article. â€Å"How could our parents have ever imagined that someday we would end up in a country were monosyllabic names reign supreme, a land where â€Å"William† is shorten to â€Å"Bill†, where â€Å"Susan† becomes â€Å"Sue†, and â€Å"Richard† somehow evolves into †Å"Dick† ( Dumas751). Here the author uses logos to make the reader think, why is it that we call â€Å"William† by the short name of â€Å"Bill†? It’s a logical question, the audience may want to know the answer to.It makes one wonder, do the names in this country have any meaning or are we just trying to make things as simple as possible. If simple is what we, as Americans are after, is that why we don’t like to pick acentric names for our children? In terms of ethos, the author effectively tells how she researched her idea by adopting a new simpler name â€Å"Julie†. â€Å"People actually remembered my name, which was an entirely refreshing new sensation. All was well until the Iranian Revolution, when I found myself with a new set of problems.Because I spoke English without an accent and was known as Julie, people assumed I was American . This meant that was often privy to those real feelings about those, damn Iranians† (Dumas 753). The authors says later she went back to using her native name because she felt like a fake. Eventually, Firoozeh went back to the name Julie after college when she could not obtain a job. This is where the author begins to use emotional appeal to her argument. Dumas says, â€Å"Once I changed my name on my resume call it coincidence, but the job offers started coming in.Perhaps it’s the same kind of coincidence that stops an African American from getting a cab in New York† (Dumas 753). That’s very strong statement on the authors part because most people associate African Americans not being able to hale a cab as a racial issue. That is an issue that would make a lot of people upset and generates plenty of emotion, thus this is a very effective use of pathos. This article was written for an audience of Americans. In the author’s argument it was her name that really caused her a problem when she came to America.She did a good job of adding the pathos, etho s, and logos in her article to draw the audience in to how life was for her in a new country with such a unique name. The article also tells the audience how something as simple as a name could be viewed as a form of racism. Americans’ should show enough respect and courtesy to try and understand ones heritage. Everyone knows at least one person who has been discriminated against. The author now uses her native name and is comfortable in doing so.